Historical Anniversaries for February 4th

All of these events occurred on February 4th on the indicated year.

211 Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians. He leaves the empire in the control of his two quarrelling sons.

634  Rashidun forces under Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan defeat the Christian Arabs around Gaza (Palestine).

960 The coronation of Zhao Kuangyin as Emperor Taizu of Song, initiating the Song dynasty period of China that would last more than three centuries.

1169 A strong earthquake struck the Ionian coast of Sicily, causing tens of thousands of injuries and deaths, especially in Catania.

1454 In the Thirteen Years’ War, the Secret Council of the Prussian Confederation sends a formal act of disobedience to the Grand Master.

1703 In Edo (now Tokyo), 46 of the Forty-seven Ronin commit seppuku (ritual suicide) as recompense for avenging their master’s death.

1758 Macapá, Brazil is founded.

1789 George Washington is unanimously elected as the first President of the United States by the U.S. Electoral College.

1794 The French legislature abolishes slavery throughout all territories of the French First Republic. It will be reestablished in the French West Indies in 1802.

1797 The Riobamba earthquake strikes Ecuador, causing up to 40,000 casualties.

1801 John Marshall is sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States.

1810 The Royal Navy seizes Guadeloupe.

1820 The Chilean Navy under the command of Lord Cochrane completes the 2-day long Capture of Valdivia with just 300 men and 2 ships.

1825 The Ohio Legislature authorizes the construction of the Ohio and Erie Canal and the Miami and Erie Canal.

1846 The first Mormon pioneers make their exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois, westward towards Salt Lake Valley.

1859 The Codex Sinaiticus is discovered in Egypt.

1861 American Civil War: In Montgomery, Alabama, delegates from six break-away U.S. states meet and form the Confederate States of America.

1899 The Philippine–American War begins with the Battle of Manila.

1932 Second Sino-Japanese War: Harbin, Manchuria, falls to Japan.

1936 Radium becomes the first radioactive element to be made synthetically.

1941 The United Service Organization (USO) is created to entertain American troops.

1945 Santo Tomas Internment Camp is liberated from Japanese authority.

1945 The Yalta Conference between the “Big Three” (Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin) opens at the Livadia Palace in the Crimea.

1945 The British Indian Army and Imperial Japanese Army begin a series of battles known as the Battle of Pokoku and Irrawaddy River operations.

1948 Ceylon (later renamed Sri Lanka) becomes independent within the British Commonwealth.

What happened today in history

For February 2nd all these things happened on this day:

506 Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths promulgates the Breviary of Alaric , a collection of “Roman law”.

962 Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor in nearly 40 years.

1032 Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor becomes King of Burgundy.

1141 The Battle of Lincoln, at which King Stephen is defeated and captured by the allies of Empress Matilda, presenting her with the unfulfilled opportunity to become the first queen of medieval England.

1207 Terra Mariana, comprising present-day Estonia and Latvia, is established.

1461 Wars of the Roses: The Battle of Mortimer’s Cross is fought in Herefordshire, England.

1536 Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires, Argentina.

1542 Portuguese forces under Cristóvão da Gama capture a Muslim-occupied hill fort in northern Ethiopia in the Battle of Baçente.

1653 New Amsterdam (later renamed The City of New York) is incorporated.

1709 Alexander Selkirk is rescued after being shipwrecked on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe.

1848 Mexican–American War: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed.

1848 California Gold Rush: The first ship with Chinese immigrants arrives in San Francisco.

1868 Pro-Imperial forces captured Osaka Castle from the Tokugawa shogunate and burned it to the ground.

1876 The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs of Major League Baseball is formed.

1887 In Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania the first Groundhog Day is observed.

1899 The Australian Premiers’ Conference held in Melbourne decides to locate Australia’s capital city, Canberra, between Sydney and Melbourne.

1901 Funeral of Queen Victoria.

1913 Grand Central Terminal is opened in New York City.

1914 Charlie Chaplin’s first film appearance, Making a Living premieres.

1920 The Tartu Peace Treaty is signed between Estonia and Russia.

1920 France occupies Memel.

1922 Ulysses by James Joyce is published.

1925 Serum run to Nome: Dog sleds reach Nome, Alaska with diphtheria serum, inspiring the Iditarod race.

1933 Working as maids, the sisters Christine and Léa Papin murder their employer’s wife and daughter in Le Mans, France. The case is the subject of a number of French films and plays.

1934 The Export-Import Bank of the United States is incorporated.

1935 Leonarde Keeler tests the first polygraph machine.

1943 World War II: The Battle of Stalingrad comes to conclusion as Soviet troops accept the surrender of 91,000 remnants of the Axis forces.

1957 Iskander Mirza of Pakistan lays the foundation-stone of the Guddu Barrage.

1959 Dyatlov Pass incident

January 19th what did this day give us?

379 Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to Augustus, and gives him power over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.

639 Clovis II, king of Neustria and Burgundy, is crowned.

649 Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender after a forty-day siege led by Tang dynasty general Ashina She’er, establishing Tang control over the northern Tarim Basin in Xinjiang.

1419 Hundred Years’ War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England, completing his reconquest of Normandy.

1511 Mirandola surrenders to the French.

1520 Sten Sture the Younger, the Regent of Sweden, is mortally wounded at the Battle of Bogesund.

1607 San Agustin Church in Manila is officially completed; it is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines.

1661 Thomas Venner is hanged, drawn and quartered in London.

1764 John Wilkes is expelled from the British House of Commons for seditious libel.

1788 The second group of ships of the First Fleet arrive at Botany Bay.

1795 The Batavian Republic is proclaimed in the Netherlands bringing to an end the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands.

1806 The United Kingdom occupies the Cape of Good Hope.

1812 Peninsular War: After a ten-day siege, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, orders British soldiers of the Light and third divisions to storm Ciudad Rodrigo.

1817 An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, crosses the Andes from Argentina to liberate Chile and then Peru.

1829 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Faust: The First Part of the Tragedy receives its premiere performance.

1839 The British East India Company captures Aden.

1840 Captain Charles Wilkes circumnavigates Antarctica, claiming what became known as Wilkes Land for the United States.

1853 Giuseppe Verdi’s opera Il trovatore receives its premiere performance in Rome.

1861 American Civil War: Georgia joins South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and Alabama in seceding from the United States.

1862 American Civil War: Battle of Mill Springs The Confederacy suffers its first significant defeat in the conflict.

1871 Franco-Prussian War: In the Siege of Paris, Prussia wins the Battle of St. Quentin. Meanwhile, the French attempt to break the siege in the Battle of Buzenval will end unsuccessfully the following day.

1883 The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires, built by Thomas Edison, begins service at Roselle, New Jersey.

1893 Henrik Ibsen’s play The Master Builder receives its premiere performance in Berlin.

1899 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is formed.

1915 Georges Claude patents the neon discharge tube for use in advertising.

1915  German zeppelins bomb the towns of Great Yarmouth and King’s Lynn in the United Kingdom killing more than 20, in the first major aerial bombardment of a civilian target.
1917 Silvertown explosion: Seventy-three are killed and 400 injured in an explosion in a munitions plant in London.

1920 The United States Senate votes against joining the League of Nations.

1935 Coopers Inc. sells the world’s first briefs.

1937 Howard Hughes sets a new air record by flying from Los Angeles to New York City in seven hours, 28 minutes, 25 seconds.

1941 The Greek Triton (Y-5) sinks the Italian submarine Neghelli in Otranto.

1942  Japanese forces invade Burma.

1945  Soviet forces liberate the Łódź Ghetto. Of more than 200,000 inhabitants in 1940, less than 900 had survived the Nazi occupation.

1946 General Douglas MacArthur establishes the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo to try Japanese war criminals.

1949 Cuba recognizes Israel.

1953 Almost 72% of all television sets in the United States are tuned into I Love Lucy to watch Lucy give birth.

1960 Japan and the United States sign the US–Japan Mutual Security Treaty

Anniversaries for January 16

Another day full of surprising and interesting anniversaries on this day for January 16th:

27 BC Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.

378 General Siyaj K’ak’ conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spearthrower Owl of Teotihuacán.

550 Gothic War: The Ostrogoths, under King Totila, conquer Rome after a long siege, by bribing the Isaurian garrison.

929 Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III established the Caliphate of Córdoba.

1120 The Council of Nablus is held, establishing the earliest surviving written laws of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.

1362 A storm tide in the North Sea destroys the German city of Rungholt on the island of Strand.

1412 The Medici family is appointed official banker of the Papacy.

1492 The first grammar of the Spanish language is presented to Queen Isabella I.

1547 Ivan IV of Russia aka Ivan the Terrible becomes Czar of Russia.

1556 Philip II becomes King of Spain.

1572 Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England.

1581 The English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism.

1605 The first edition of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha (Book One of Don Quixote) by Miguel de Cervantes is published in Madrid, Spain.

1707 The Scottish Parliament ratifies the Act of Union, paving the way for the creation of Great Britain.

1761 The British capture Pondichéry, India from the French.

1780 American Revolutionary War: Battle of Cape St. Vincent.

1786 Virginia enacted the Statute for Religious Freedom authored by Thomas Jefferson.

1809 Peninsular War: The British defeat the French at the Battle of La Coruña.

1847 John C. Frémont is appointed Governor of the new California Territory.

1862 Hartley Colliery Disaster: Two hundred four men and boys killed in a mining disaster, prompted a change in UK law which henceforth required all collieries to have at least two independent means of escape.

1878 Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Battle of Philippopolis: Captain Aleksandr Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule.

1883 The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States Civil Service, is passed.

1896 Defeat of Cymru Fydd at South Wales Liberal Federation AGM, Newport, Monmouthshire.

1900 The United States Senate accepts the Anglo-German treaty of 1899 in which the United Kingdom renounces its claims to the Samoan islands.

1909 Ernest Shackleton’s expedition finds the magnetic South Pole.

1919 The United States ratifies the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, authorizing Prohibition in the United States one year after ratification.

1920 Zeta Phi Beta Sorority Incorporated was founded on the campus of Howard University.

1920 The League of Nations holds its first council meeting in Paris, France.

1924 Eleftherios Venizelos becomes Prime Minister of Greece for the fourth time.

1939 The Irish Republican Army (IRA) begins a bombing and sabotage campaign in England.

1942 Crash of TWA Flight 3, killing all 22 aboard, including film star Carole Lombard.

 

1945 Adolf Hitler moves into his underground bunker, the so-called Führerbunker.

1956 President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt vows to reconquer Palestine.

1964 Hello, Dolly! starring Carol Channing opened on Broadway, beginning a run of 2,844 performances.

Anniversaries for January 14th

1301 Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary.

1539 Spain annexes Cuba.

1639 The “Fundamental Orders”, the first written constitution that created a government, is adopted in Connecticut.

1724 King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne.

1761 The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in India between the Afghans under Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Marathas.

1784 Ratification Day, United States – Congress ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Great Britain.

1814 Frederick VI of Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden in return for Pomerania.

1822 Greek War of Independence: Acrocorinth is captured by Theodoros Kolokotronis and Demetrios Ypsilantis.

1858 Napoleon III of France escapes an assassination attempt.

1907 An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than 1,000.

1911 Roald Amundsen’s South Pole expedition makes landfall on the eastern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf.

1933 The controversial “Bodyline” cricket tactics used by Douglas Jardine’s England peak when Australian captain Bill Woodfull is hit over the heart.

1938 Norway claims Queen Maud Land in Antarctica.

1943 Japan begins Operation Ke, the successful operation to evacuate its forces from Guadalcanal during the Guadalcanal Campaign.

1943  Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill begin the Casablanca Conference to discuss strategy and study the next phase of the war.

1943 Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to travel by airplane while in office when he travels from Miami to Morocco to meet with Winston Churchill.

1950 The first prototype of the MiG-17 makes its maiden flight.

1952 NBC’s long-running morning news program Today debuts, with host Dave Garroway.

1953 Josip Broz Tito is inaugurated as the first President of Yugoslavia.

1954 The Hudson Motor Car Company merges with Nash-Kelvinator Corporation forming the American Motors Corporation.

1957 Kripalu Maharaj was named fifth Jagadguru (world teacher) after giving seven days of speeches before 500 Hindu scholars.

1960 The Reserve Bank of Australia, the country’s central bank and banknote issuing authority, is established.

Back to the Historical Anniversaries

After too long an absence, I am trying to make regular posts on the marvelous historical anniversaries that occur each calendar day.  I hope you stop back often to read through the snippets of historical dates, events, catastrophes, and discoveries.

307 Jin Huidi, Chinese Emperor of the Jin dynasty, is poisoned and succeeded by his son Jin Huaidi.

387 Siyaj K’ak’ conquers Waka

871 Alfred the Great leads a West Saxon army to repel an invasion by Danelaw Vikings.

1297 François Grimaldi, disguised as a monk, leads his men to capture the fortress protecting the Rock of Monaco, establishing his family as the rulers of Monaco.

1455 The Romanus Pontifex is written.

1499 Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany.

1697 Last execution for blasphemy in Britain; of Thomas Aikenhead, student, at Edinburgh.

1735 Premiere performance of George Frideric Handel’s Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden.

1746 Second Jacobite rising: Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Stirling.

1790 George Washington delivers the first State of the Union address in New York, New York.

1806 Cape Colony becomes a British colony.

1811 An unsuccessful slave revolt is led by Charles Deslondes in St. Charles and St. James, Louisiana.

1815 Battle of New Orleans Andrew Jackson leads American forces in victory over the British.

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1835 The United States national debt is zero for the only time.

1863 American Civil War: Second Battle of Springfield

1867 African American men are granted the right to vote in Washington, D.C.

1877 Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle against the United States Cavalry at Wolf Mountain, Montana Territory.

1889 Herman Hollerith is issued US patent #395,791 for the ‘Art of Applying Statistics’ — his punched card calculator.

1904 The Blackstone Library is dedicated, marking the beginning of the Chicago Public Library system.

1906 A landslide in Haverstraw, New York, caused by the excavation of clay along the Hudson River, kills 20 people.

1912 The African National Congress is founded.

1918 President Woodrow Wilson announces his “Fourteen Points” for the aftermath of World War I.

1920 The steel strike of 1919 ends in a complete failure for the Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers labor union.

1940 World War II: Britain introduces food rationing.

1945 World War II: Philippine Commonwealth troops under the Philippine Commonwealth Army units enter the province of Ilocos Sur in Northern Luzon and attack Japanese Imperial forces.

1956 Operation Auca: Five U.S. missionaries are killed by the Huaorani of Ecuador shortly after making contact with them.

1961 In France a referendum supports Charles de Gaulle’s policies in Algeria.

1962 The Harmelen train disaster killed 93 people in the Netherlands.

1963 Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa is exhibited in the United States for the first time, at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.

1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson declares a “War on Poverty” in the United States.

A Historical RPG

I am looking for help from my readers. I am starting to work on my next RPG, with its setting of the First Century in Europe.

The new game is tentatively called AD One (1). Its a historical role-playing game that will detail various cultures of the era, allowing players to create characters from the period. Players could be Roman, Germanic, Celtic, or from other lesser tribes. The GameMaster would set up adventures, if you will, in various locations and allow the players to raid or act according to their own motives.

For example, In 9 AD, a revolt of Germanic tribes destroyed 3 Roman legions in the surprise attack at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest and ended in the withdrawal of the Roman frontier to the Rhine. What a backdrop for a RPG, right?

I am looking for sources that I can use to flesh out the campaign setting. I am searching for books that detail the cultures and civilizations of the first century in Europe (if all goes well I could release companions for MesoAmerica, Asia, Africa, and the Asian Steppe).

Any help would be appreciated.

What a Crazy Day For History!

1202 Despite letters from Pope Innocent III forbidding it and threatening excommunication, Catholic crusaders begin a siege of the Catholic city of Zara (now Zadar, Croatia).

1293 Raden Wijaya is crowned as the first monarch of Majapahit kingdom of Java, taking throne name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana.

1444 The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw III of Poland) are crushed by the Turks under Sultan Murad II and Vladislaus is killed.

1520 Danish King Christian II executes dozens of people in the Stockholm Bloodbath after a successful invasion of Sweden.

1580 After a three-day siege, the English Army beheads over 600 Papal soldiers and civilians at Dún an Óir, Ireland.

1619 René Descartes has the dreams that inspire his Meditations on First Philosophy.

1659 Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Maratha King kills Afzal Khan, Adilshahi in the battle popularly known as Battle of Pratapgarh. This is also recognised as the first defence of Swarajya

1674 As provided in the Treaty of Westminster, Netherlands cedes New Netherland to England.

1702 English colonists under the command of James Moore besiege Spanish St. Augustine during Queen Anne’s War.

1766 The last colonial governor of New Jersey, William Franklin, signs the charter of Queen’s College (later renamed Rutgers University).

1775 The United States Marine Corps is founded at Tun Tavern in Philadelphia by Samuel Nicholas.

1793 A Goddess of Reason is proclaimed by the French Convention at the suggestion of Pierre Gaspard Chaumette.

1821 Cry of Independence by Rufina Alfaro at La Villa de Los Santos, Panama setting into motion a revolt which lead to Panama’s independence from Spain and to it immediately becoming part of Colombia

1847 The passenger ship Stephen Whitney is wrecked in thick fog off the southern coast of Ireland, killing 92 of the 110 on board. The disaster results in the construction of the Fastnet Rock lighthouse.

1865 Major Henry Wirz, the superintendent of a prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia, is hanged, becoming one of only three American Civil War soldier executed for war crimes.

1871 Henry Morton Stanley locates missing explorer and missionary, Dr. David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika, famously greeting him with the words, “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”.

1898 Beginning of the Wilmington Insurrection of 1898, the only instance of a municipal government being overthrown in US history.

1910 The date of Thomas A. Davis’ opening of the San Diego Army and Navy Academy, though the official founding date is November 23, 1910.

1918 The Western Union Cable Office in North Sydney, Nova Scotia, receives a top-secret coded message from Europe (that would be sent to Ottawa and Washington, D.C.) that said on November 11, 1918, all fighting would cease on land, sea and in the air.

1919 The first national convention of the American Legion is held in Minneapolis, ending on November 12.

1940 The 1940 Vrancea earthquake strikes Romania killing an estimated 1,000 and injuring approximately 4,000 more.

1942 Germany invades Vichy France following French Admiral François Darlan’s agreement to an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.

1944 The ammunition ship USS Mount Hood explodes at Seeadler Harbour, Manus, Admiralty Islands, killing at least 432 and wounding 371.

1945 Heavy fighting in Surabaya between Indonesian nationalists and returning colonialists after World War II, today celebrated as Heroes’ Day (Hari Pahlawan).

1951 With the roll out of the North American Numbering Plan, direct-dial coast-to-coast telephone service begins in the United States.

1954 U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower dedicates the USMC War Memorial (Iwo Jima memorial) in Arlington National Cemetery.

1958 The Hope Diamond is donated to the Smithsonian Institution by New York diamond merchant Harry Winston.

Tick Tock…Tick Tock. Time marches on of memories of today

What happened on November 7th in history?

335 Athanasius is banished to Trier, on charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople.

680 The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople.

1426 Lam Sơn rebels emerge victorious against the Ming army in the Battle of Tốt Động Chúc Động taking place in Đông Quan, in now Hanoi.

1492 The Ensisheim meteorite, the oldest meteorite with a known date of impact, strikes the earth around noon in a wheat field outside the village of Ensisheim, Alsace, France.

1619 Elizabeth Stuart is crowned Queen of Bohemia.

1665 The London Gazette, the oldest surviving journal, is first published.

1775 John Murray, the Royal Governor of the Colony of Virginia, starts the first mass emancipation of slaves in North America by issuing Lord Dunmore’s Offer of Emancipation, which offers freedom to slaves who abandoned their colonial masters in order to fight with Murray and the British.

1786 The oldest musical organization in the United States is founded as the Stoughton Musical Society.

1811 The Battle of Tippecanoe is fought near present-day Battle Ground, Indiana, United States.

1837 In Alton, Illinois, abolitionist printer Elijah P. Lovejoy is shot dead by a mob while attempting to protect his printing shop from being destroyed a third time.

1861 American Civil War: Battle of Belmont: In Belmont, Missouri, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant overrun a Confederate camp but are forced to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive.

1874 A cartoon by Thomas Nast in Harper’s Weekly, is considered the first important use of an elephant as a symbol for the United States Republican Party.

1885 The completion of Canada’s first transcontinental railway is symbolized by the Last Spike ceremony at Craigellachie, British Columbia.

1893 Women’s Suffrage: Women in the U.S. state of Colorado are granted the right to vote, the second state to do so.

1900 Battle of Leliefontein, a battle during which the Royal Canadian Dragoons win three Victoria Crosses.

1907 Jesús García saves the entire town of Nacozari de Garcia, Sonora by driving a burning train full of dynamite six kilometers (3.7 miles) away before it can explode.

1908 Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid are reportedly killed in San Vicente, Bolivia.

1910 The first air freight shipment (from Dayton, Ohio, to Columbus, Ohio) is undertaken by the Wright Brothers and department store owner Max Moorehouse.

1912 The Deutsche Opernhaus (now Deutsche Oper Berlin) opens in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg, with a production of Beethoven’s Fidelio.

1913 The first day of the Great Lakes Storm of 1913, a massive blizzard that ultimately killed 250 and caused over $5 million (about $118,098,000 in 2013 dollars) damage. Winds reach hurricane force on this date.

1914 The first issue of The New Republic magazine is published.

1914 The German colony of Kiaochow Bay and its centre at Tsingtao are captured by Japanese forces.

1916 Jeannette Rankin is the first woman elected to the United States Congress.

1917 The Gregorian calendar date of the October Revolution, which gets its name from the Julian calendar date of 25 October. On this date in 1917, the Bolsheviks storm the Winter Palace.

1917 Third Battle of Gaza ends: British forces capture Gaza from the Ottoman Empire.

1918 The 1918 influenza epidemic spreads to Western Samoa, killing 7,542 (about 20% of the population) by the end of the year.

1918 Kurt Eisner overthrows the Wittelsbach dynasty in the Kingdom of Bavaria.

1919 The first Palmer Raid is conducted on the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution. Over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists are arrested in twenty-three different U.S. cities.

1920 Patriarch Tikhon issues a decree that leads to the formation of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.

1929 In New York City, the Museum of Modern Art opens to the public.

1931 The Chinese Soviet Republic is proclaimed on the anniversary of the October Revolution.

1933 Fiorello H. La Guardia is elected the 99th mayor of New York City.

1940 In Tacoma, Washington, the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapses in a windstorm, a mere four months after the bridge’s completion.

1941 Soviet hospital ship Armenia is sunk by German planes while evacuating refugees and wounded military and staff of several Crimean hospitals. It is estimated that over 5,000 people died in the sinking.

1944 A passenger train derails in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico from excessive speed when descending a hill. Sixteen people are killed and 50 are injured.

1944 Soviet spy Richard Sorge, a half-Russian, half-German World War I veteran, is hanged by his Japanese captors along with 34 of his ring.

1944 elected for a record fourth term as President of the United States of America.

1949 The first oil was taken in Oil Rocks (Neft Daşları), oldest offshore oil platform.

1956 The United Nations General Assembly adopts a resolution calling for the United Kingdom, France and Israel to immediately withdraw their troops from Egypt.

1957 The Gaither Report calls for more American missiles and fallout shelters.

Oh My! This is what happened today throughout history

November 4th !!

1429 Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: Joan of Arc liberates Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier.

1501 Catherine of Aragon (later Henry VIII’s first wife) meets Arthur Tudor, Henry VIII’s older brother they would later marry.

1576 In Flanders, Spain captures Antwerp (after three days the city is nearly destroyed).

1677 The future Mary II of England marries William, Prince of Orange. They would later jointly reign as William and Mary.

1780 Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui aka Tupac Amaru starts his Rebellion on Peru against Spain-

1783 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s Symphony No. 36 is performed for the first time in Linz, Austria.

1791 The Western Confederacy of American Indians wins a major victory over the United States in the Battle of the Wabash.

1798 Beginning of the Russo-Ottoman siege of Corfu.

1839 Newport Rising: the last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain.

1847 Sir James Young Simpson, a British physician, discovers the anaesthetic properties of chloroform.

1852 Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour becomes the prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, which soon expands to become Italy.

1861 The University of Washington opens in Seattle as the Territorial University.

1864 American Civil War: Battle of Johnsonville Confederate troops bombard a Union supply base and destroy millions of dollars in material.

1868 Camagüey, Cuba revolts against Spain during the Ten Years’ War.

1890 London’s first deep-level tube railway opens between King William Street and Stockwell.

1918 Austria-Hungary surrenders to Italy.

1921 The Sturmabteilung or SA, whose members were known as “brownshirts”, physically assault Adolf Hitler’s opposition after his speech in Munich.

1921 Japanese Prime Minister Hara Takashi is assassinated in Tokyo.

1921 The Italian unknown soldier is buried in the Altare della Patria (Fatherland Altar) in Rome.

1922 In Egypt, British archaeologist Howard Carter and his men find the entrance to Pharaoh Tutankhamun’s tomb in the Valley of the Kings.

1924 Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming is elected the first female governor in the United States.

1939 World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the United States Customs Service to implement the Neutrality Act of 1939, allowing cash-and-carry purchases of weapons by belligerents.

1942 Second Battle of El Alamein Disobeying a direct order by Adolf Hitler, General Field Marshal Erwin Rommel leads his forces on a five-month retreat.

1944 World War II: Bitola Liberation Day

1952 The United States government establishes the National Security Agency, or NSA.

1956 Soviet troops enter Hungary to end the Hungarian revolution against the Soviet Union, that started on October 23. Thousands are killed, more are wounded, and nearly a quarter million leave the country.

1960 At the Kasakela Chimpanzee Community in Tanzania, Dr. Jane Goodall observes chimpanzees creating tools, the first-ever observation in non-human animals.

1962 In a test of the Nike Hercules air defense missile, Shot Dominic-Tightrope is successfully detonated 69,000 feet above Johnston Atoll. It would also be the last atmospheric nuclear test conducted by the United States.